Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by abnormal protein folding. known as prion disease. The disease progresses rapidly and is invariably fatal. The patient dies within a year after the onset of the disease.
Prions accumulate in the brain at very high levels, destroying brain cells and creating cavities in the brain. It is a rare but serious disorder. One million cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are diagnosed worldwide each year.
Types of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease CJD
Sporadic CJD
This is the most common and rare form of CJD. It was thought to be caused by abnormal protein folding. It most often affects adults between the ages of 45 and 75. It develops between 60 and 65 years.
Variant CJD
Variant CJD is spread through beef by bovine spongiform encephalitis. Prions can also be transmitted through blood transfusions. It is controlled by preventing contaminated meat from entering the food chain.
Familial or Inherited CJD
It is caused when one of the offspring has a mutation in a gene inherited from the parents that leads to prion formation in the adult. Symptoms are seen in people in their 50s.
Iatrogenic CJD
In this case, the infection spreads from an infected person to a healthy person through treatment or surgery. It can be caused if prostheses are not properly cleaned before using them on other patients In the past, human pituitary growth hormone was isolated from deceased patients and used to treat growth hormone problems. Most isolated cells came from subjects with CJD. In this way, CJD was transmitted from disease-free patients.
Treatment of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
There is no specific treatment for CJD. Patients are prescribed medications to relieve their symptoms and make them as comfortable as possible.
Doctors have prescribed certain pain relievers to ease the pain and antidepressants to help with depression and anxiety.
In the advanced stage, patients also require assistance with daily activities such as bathing, walking, sitting and urinating. Many people cannot even swallow, so they are fed with the help of feeding tubes. They can be treated at home depending on the progression of the disease and the severity of the disease.
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