Cells need different organelles to perform different functions necessary not only for cell function but also for the organism as a whole, especially in multicellular organisms, many different organelles have two different niches, one for secretion and the other for decay.
They are known as ribosomes and lysosomes and are responsible for protein synthesis and protein destruction. Thus, lysosomes and ribosomes are two separate cellular components that perform very different functions and have very different physiological characteristics.
What is Lysosomes?
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that break down biological molecules such as nucleic acids, peptides, carbohydrates and lipids.
This type of mold contains many hydrolytic enzymes that break down molecules. Lysosomes are the disposal system of the cell. They do this by digesting cytoplasmic biomolecules by autophagy or endocytosis, depending on their origin.
Lysosomes have membrane and lumenal proteins. The lysosomal lumen provides an acidic environment pH 4.5-5.0 for protein hydrolysis and maintenance, which is not possible in the cytoplasm. Thus, this effectively prevents cytoplasmic degradation of functional proteins.
Mannose-6-phosphate specifically labels molecules associated with lysosomes so they end up in acidic vesicles associated with lysosomes.
What is Ribosomes?
The ribosome is the molecular machine responsible for protein synthesis. As a result, cellular proteins are formed here. Therefore, ribosomes and other translation machinery are referred to as translation machinery. They appear to adhere to the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum.
While lysosomes and ribosomes are cellular components, ribosomes are composed of protein components that, when assembled, form a ribosomal complex Ribosomal subunits are composed of ribosomal RNA molecules and ribosomal proteins in each of the two subunits.
This is because ribosomes use messenger RNA codons to bind to amino acids. It is important to note that unlike lysosomes, ribosomes are found in all cells.
Difference Between Lysosomes and Ribosomes
| Lysosomes | Ribosomes |
| Nature of Membrane | |
| Lysosomes are membrane bound organelles | Technically, ribosomes are not membrane-bound and there is no separation from them and the other cell organelles. However, when ribosomes make certain proteins, they become membrane-bound organelles, attaching themselves to the endoplasmic reticulum |
| Occurrence | |
| Lysosomes are less common in plants. However, they are quite abundant in animals | Almost all living organisms have ribosomes – eukaryotes have 80S ribosomes while prokaryotes have a smaller 70S ribosomes |
| Function | |
| Lysosomes break down old/ malfunctioning cells. This organelle also destroys foreign pathogens such as bacteria and viruses | Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. They are also very integral in the process of translation |
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