Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome are genetic disorders, caused by differences in the number of sex chromosomes.
Turner syndrome occurs most often in 1 in 2000 live births. The syndrome is mostly due to the absence of either a true X or a sex chromosome.
Turner syndrome is also known as monosomy of the X chromosome. Turner syndrome causes various developmental abnormalities and puts people with the syndrome at risk for many diseases.
Klinefelter syndrome occurs when a male child is born with more or different X chromosomes than needed. It occurs in 1 in 1000 men.
Klinefelter syndrome results in the formation of sperm or eggs and people with the syndrome have tremors, bone problems and autoimmune disorders.
Differences Between Turner Syndrome and Klinefelter Syndrome
| Turner Syndrome | Klinefelter Syndrome |
| Meaning | |
| This syndrome is caused by the lack of sex chromosome (XO instead of XX). | This syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra sex chromosome (XXY instead of XY). |
| Karyotype | |
| Monosomy of sex chromosome (2n-1), here only one X chromosome, is present in females. | The trisomy of sex chromosome (2n+1), here one extra X chromosome- XXY, are present in males. |
| Occurrence | |
| 1 in 2500 phenotypic females. | 1 in 1100 phenotypic males. |
| Symptoms | |
| Lymphedema, underweight and swelling or thickness of the neck. | Enlarged breasts, undeveloped penis and testicles. |
| Gonadal Sex | |
| re absent | Are present and are atrophied |
| Phenotype | |
| Undeveloped breast, absence of menstrual cycles, presence of vagina, vulva, uterus and sterility. | Presence of penis, vas deferens and seminal vesicles, but are inactive due to their undeveloped or smaller size. |
Physical Appearance
Women with strap necks, short stature, poor or underdeveloped breasts, maturing ovaries and early sexual symptoms.
Men with enlarged breasts
Treatment
There is no cure for Turner syndrome. It is generally treated with estrogen and growth hormone replacement therapy.
- Fertility treatment.
- Psychological counseling.
- Removal of excess breast tissue.
- Hormone replacement therapy.
- Educational support and assessment.
Related Articles:
