The cell is the functional and structural basic organ of life. It plays an important role in all biological functions and involves membrane-associated organelles that perform various individual functions to keep cells alive and functional.
The cell was first observed and discovered by an English natural philosopher – Robert Hooke in 1665. The origin of the word cell is Latin, which means “small room”.
What is Bacterial Cell?
Bacteria are unicellular organisms, organisms assembled in a prokaryotic cell, because these organisms lack certain membrane-bound organelles and the nucleus, which is considered one of the most important parts of the cell.
From an evolutionary perspective, bacteria were the first to evolve on Earth and therefore, this group of organisms is considered one of the oldest forms of life on Earth.
What is Plant Cell?
Plant cells are eukaryotic cells that differ from animal cells in several important respects. Like an animal cell, a plant cell has a nucleus and other cell components bound to the membrane.
What is Animals Cell?
Animal cells are eukaryotic cells with a membrane-bound nucleus. They differ from plant cells in several important respects. These cells lack cellular components such as cell walls and plastids.
Differences between Plant Animal and Bacterial Cells
| Plant Cell | Animals Cell | Bacterial Cell |
| Type of Cell | ||
| Eukaryotic cells | Eukaryotic cells | Prokaryotic cells |
| Size of the cell | ||
| 10 to 100 µm | 10 to 100 µm | 0.2 to 2 µm |
| The shape of the cell | ||
| Rectangular shaped | Round or Oval shaped | Are of different shapes- cocci, bacillus, vibrio, spirilla. |
| Cell Wall | ||
| Present | Absent | Present |
| Nucleus | ||
| Present | Present | Absent |
| Plasmids | ||
| Absent | Absent | Present |
| Plastids | ||
| Present | Absent | Absent |
| Mitochondria | ||
| Present | Present | Absent |
| Ribosomes | ||
| Larger 80s Ribosomes | Larger 80s Ribosomes | Smaller 70s Ribosomes |
| Centrioles | ||
| Absent | Present | Absent |
| Vacuoles | ||
| Larger vacuoles | Smaller vacuoles | Larger vacuoles |
| Endocytosis and Exocytosis | ||
| Present | Present | Absent |
| Golgi Apparatus | ||
| Present | Present | Absent |
| Lysosomes | ||
| Present but are few in numbers | Present | Absent |
| Cilia and Filaments | ||
| Absent | Present | Present |
| Mode of Nutrition | ||
| Autotrophs | Heterotrophs | Both heterotrophs and autotrophs |
| Mode of Reproduction | ||
| Both sexual and asexual mode of reproduction. | Sexual reproduction in higher animals and asexual in lower animals. | Both sexual and asexual mode of reproduction. |
| Mode of Respiration | ||
| Aerobic respiration. | Aerobic respiration. | Both aerobic and anaerobic. |
